Unveiling the Origins and Quranic Context of 'Durood' in the Light of Surah Al-Ahzab (33:56)

Al-Quran - 33:56

إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا

Indeed, God and His angels support, connect with, and align with the prophet. O you who believe, support, connect with, and align with him, and submit fully or sincerely.



The term "durood" is commonly used in South Asian Islamic cultures to refer to prayers or salutations upon the Prophet Muhammad. However, when we analyse the origins of the word "durood," we find that it does not have roots in the classical Arabic language of the Quran. Instead, "durood" seems to be derived from the Persian language, specifically from the word "durūd," which means "blessing" or "salutation." This Persian term was incorporated into the religious practices of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent and has since become widely used in that context.

In the Quran, the concept that is often associated with what people refer to as "durood" is encapsulated in the term **صلاة** (salat) or **صَلُّوا** (sallu), which comes from the root **ص ل و** (S-L-W). The verb **يُصَلُّونَ** (yusalloon) in Quran 33:56, for example, is translated as "they support," "they connect," or "they align with." It indicates an action of support or alignment, rather than a literal sending of blessings as often interpreted in the traditional sense. The verse emphasises that God and His angels support and align with the Prophet, and it instructs the believers to do the same, aligning themselves and offering peace and submission to the Prophet.

The use of the term "durood" in South Asian contexts is more of a cultural adaptation that developed over time, influenced by Persian linguistic and cultural practices. It is not a term directly found in the Quran or derived from Arabic roots. This distinction is important for understanding the differences between Quranic terminology and later cultural practices that evolved in various parts of the Muslim world.

In contrast, the word **تَسْلِيمًا** (tasleeman) in the same verse of the Quran, derived from the root **س ل م** (S-L-M), conveys the idea of "full submission" or "complete surrender." This root word is associated with peace, safety, and submission, and forms the basis of other significant terms like **إِسْلَام** (Islam, meaning submission) and **سَلَام** (Salaam, meaning peace). The command to "submit fully" or "offer peace sincerely" in this verse further emphasizes the idea of complete and sincere alignment with the Prophet’s mission and message.

Understanding the origins and linguistic roots of these terms highlights the importance of distinguishing between the original Quranic language and the cultural practices that developed later. While "durood" has become an established practice in certain Muslim communities, its origins and usage are separate from the Quranic concepts of **صلاة** (salat) and **تَسْلِيمًا** (tasleeman), which focus more on alignment, support, and submission in the context of divine guidance and the prophetic mission.
 
Peace,

What Muslims fail to realize that this verse was for the contemporaries of prophet Muhammad. He is dead now and all we have is the Qur'an so we should hold fast to it alone.

God and His angels perform the duty for the Prophet. O you who heed warning: perform the duty for him and greet with a salutation.
(33:56)
 
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